Should We Be Mandatory For Children - 1750 Words

Mandating Vaccines From deciding what to do with the baby in your body, to electing to follow certain religious beliefs, people have many rights as American citizens. Several cases have been ruled over when it comes to human rights, such as the Roe vs Wade case, which covers a woman s rights to an abortion, and the Cantwell vs Connecticut case that covers a person s religious right to free exercise. Now the country is torn again in a human rights issue. Should it be mandatory for parents to give their children all of the vaccines that are available for children by the government? There are two sides to this argument, that both stage excellent positions. On one side, there are the people who believe that it is not only a violation of rights to make them vaccinate their child, but it is also interfering with the overall health and well being of the child by injecting them with potentially harmful chemicals. Other people, however, believe that the population as a whole would be safer from disease if ever yone were required to be vaccinated. In their belief, the vaccinations are incredibly safe and effective, and could save the lives of thousands of children. Both parents, those who believe in vaccinations and those who do not, want what is going to be best for their child. Both want to be informed and have the knowledge to be able to raise the healthiest child that they can. Positions in the Vaccine Debate Against Vaccinations On one side of this dispute, many peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Influence Of The American Medical Association1263 Words   |  6 Pagestowards changing how we do medicine in Canada. The recent annual Halifax meeting last August 23 to 26, for instance, conducted under the leadership of the Canadian Medical Association, has an 80,000 member group ready to lobby for mandatory vaccinations (Mihalovic n.p.). If their influence among legislators is strong enough, they can eventually force parents to vaccinate their children in order to access educational institutions. In history, only three provinces had mandatory requirements for vaccinesRead MoreMandatory Vaccinations1223 Words   |  5 Pages Mandatory vaccinations in public school in my opinion play a major role in children’s lives. They are safe and effective, they protect others we care about, and will protect our future generations. Throughout the years there have been thousands and thousands of children’s lives lost due to outbreaks of diseases such as polio and the measles causing many deaths among young children. Vaccinations that have become effective over the years, limiting these diseases if not getting rid of them periodRead MoreThe Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Law1411 Words   |  6 Pagestheir children for upwards of 20 years? The United States government thinks this is fair and allows for less discrimination in the justice system, this law is called the Mandatory Minimum Sentencing law which has been around since the late 18th century. The Mandatory Minimum is for several types of crimes ranging from drug possession, possession of illegal firearms, and sex crimes against children. But this la w was initially designed to have a set system for violent crime offenders. Mandatory minimumsRead MoreEffects Of Prenatal Genetic Testing For Autism806 Words   |  4 Pagespregnancy then we previously thought. The future of understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of ASD is promising. Increased research and testing efforts have improved. There has been remarkable progress towards genetics, neurobiology, and treatments and early interventions. THESIS ARGUMENT (4-6 PAGES) Prenatal genetic testing for autism should not be mandatory. I must admit my own bias as I do not have children but I do have two brothers-in-law who were diagnosed as children with ADS. I understandRead MoreShould Vaccination Be Given to Children1208 Words   |  5 PagesShould a child be vaccinated? Should a child be vaccinated? Paul Kim Period 8 There is nothing worse than seeing an adolescent life being taken away from a dangerous disease. It is really painful knowing that person will never get to live to see their full potential and experience life. Diseases cause many deaths every year, it is inevitable. Bacteria are contained in every disease and one way it is absorbed is by being inhaled by the people, which will infect the body as a whole. It isRead MoreChildhood Obesity872 Words   |  4 PagesAs a child I rode the school bus to and from school with my best friend Nicole. She always sat in the seat across the aisle from me because I could not sit with her. Last month we flew to Vancouver. Nearly ten years later I was still unable to sit with my best friend. Nicole is 397 pounds and takes up two airplane seats. There is a new concern that arises daily regarding healthy lifestyle choices. The rates of hypertension, strokes, cardiovascular disease and diabetes have all increased. The increasingRead MoreIs The Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Law?1593 Words   |  7 Pagestheir children for upwards of 20 years? The United States government thinks this is fair and allows for less discrimination in the federal justice system, this law is called the Mandatory Minimum Sentencing law. It has been around since the late 18th century, but did not start affecting drug possession until mid 20th century. Mandatory Minimums were initially designed to have a â€Å"cookie cutter† way to sentence violent offenders, but now has a role in sentencing drug offenders as well. Mandatory minimumsRead MoreShould Gym Class Be Mandatory For All Grades?1485 Words   |  6 PagesShould Gym Class Be Mandatory For All Grades? Physical education is good for students physically, mentally and socially. Taking proper care of their body can and will result in an unhealthy life and life style that could follow them for the rest of their lives. Schools all across the nation are full of obesity children. One of the problems is obesity, which is a growing epidemic in the United States, and it is said that seventy eight percent of Americans are not reaching basic activity level approvalsRead MoreThe Case Of Mandatory Vaccination922 Words   |  4 PagesFriedman. Yet, in the case of mandatory vaccines, agreement on protecting another’s life is not universal; therefore we must further justify a policy of mandatory vaccination. Further justification for mandatory vaccinations is logically discerned by reading John Stuart Mill’s and Arthur Okun’s views on rights. In On Liberty, Mill articulates that the only form of acceptable coercion is through the â€Å"harm principle† or â€Å"other regarding.† This translates as no one can or should want to harm their neighbor;Read MoreShould There Be Mandatory Nutrition952 Words   |  4 PagesShould there be Mandatory Nutrition Education in School? Every living thing needs nutrition in order to be surviving and growing healthier. In somehow, government required every import and export food products need to have nutrition label to let the customer know the nutrition fact of product. This will helps and gives us the ideas to know what the sources are containing in the products. For as there is no mandatory nutrition school provided in small town of northeastern from Thailand, many of the

Child Development Piaget - 5238 Words

Introduction Jean Piagets Background Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland in 1896. Based upon his observations, he concluded that children were not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently. Albert Einstein called Piaget’s discovery so simple only a genius could have thought of it. Piagets stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. What is the relationship between Piaget’s theory and the Child Development’s short coursework? Jean Piaget’s theory is being applied in child development study because his theory shows that it has stimulated much research and has found wide support among educators. He had developed a set of†¦show more content†¦He also applies his information that he gained to fit his ideas. Teaching a child at this stage needs some equipment which can give him some space to play with and have an active role in learning. Furthermore, the concrete stage starts about first grade to early adolescence. During this stage, a child has developed different views or opinions which need to be satisfied. Their accommodation had increased. The child develops an ability to think abstractly and to make rational judgments about concrete or observable phenomena at which in the past he needed work by himself to understand. Lastly, he will going through the formal operations which is adolescence. At this stage, the persons will reach their cognition to the final form. This person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgments because he is capable of doing the hypothetical and deductive reasoning. The task: 1. Two equal slices of sponge is used 2. One of the sponge is divided into four pieces while the other one is in original shape Then, 1. Arrange the divided cheese in different order The task 1. Take two equal length of ruler 2. Then arrange both of the ruler in 2 rows 2. Then, make a distance for a ruler in the 1st row The task 2. Take 2 same size of bottles 3. Pour liquid in bottles in same amount Then, 4. Change the first bottles to a shorter and wider bottle 5. Pour the same amount of water into both of theShow MoreRelatedPiaget And Vygotsky Influence On Child Development1569 Words   |  7 PagesChildren#39;s health, development, and early learning provide a groundwork on which later learning—and lifelong progress—is built. This essay will discuss influences on human development and learn across the lifespan and its domains such as physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and language and relate these domains to Piaget and Vygotsky theories. Jean Piaget was an influential experimenter and theorist in the field of developmental psychology and identified 4 stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotorRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Child Development1085 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of Child Development Child development is the study of how a child’s behavior and thought processes affect their ability to develop at the proper rate. There are many factors to be considered when referring to the development of a child as children are so easily moldable. A child starts out with a blank slate and from then on their experiences, their social groups, parents, environment and so much more will take part in how they will develop. Two very influential people in psychology, SigmundRead MorePiaget Of A Child s Brain Development Theory1057 Words   |  5 Pagesconstantly learning about new theories and expanding the knowledge on those that we already know, about the physical and mental development of Children. Through past and present theorists, we are shown whole new aspects of how a child develops to make up the being that they become. Through Piaget’s ‘Congnitive development theory’ we are shown the stages of a child’s brain development with a strong focus on the ages newborn – 11 years onwards. Piaget’s main theory is that children are able to construct theirRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory On Child Development2312 Words   |  10 PagesJean Piaget has introduced theories on child development from 1896-1980. He is the the most cited and most influential on cognitive development. Piaget is the foundation of current child developmental in psychology. His inspiration came from observing children’s as he even used his own. His development of the cognitive deployment focused on mental process, remembering, believing and reasoning. To help explain his theory, Piaget’s came up with Stage-bound cognitive development. â€Å"Stage-bound isRead MorePiaget Of The Child : Theories Of Development Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Study of the Child: Theories of Development I† (Learning Seed, 1997), according to Vygotsky, the cognitive development in children is in direct relationship, and dependent on interaction with others. (Feldman 2010, pg. 20). Vygotsky believed to truly understand cognitive development; a child’s social and cultural experiences must be considered. Piaget believes theorists that focus on the mind are called cognitive theorists. Piaget was most interested in how children think. Piaget describes stagesRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky And Theories Of Child Development2299 Words   |  10 Pagesthe subject of education and child development there are many different philosophers who each had their own theories, about the subject. This paper will focus on Piaget and Vygotsky and their theories of child development and how they are similar and/or different. It will also discuss how the role of cultural context in child development is presented in each of their theories of child development. Piaget believed that children are active in constructing their development and their understanding ofRead MorePiaget s Theory On Child Development920 Words   |  4 Pagesare not simply small adults who are still growing; they learn differently and experience the world in a variation of ways that opposes adult reasoning. Piaget’s theory on child development asserts that there are four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget also suggested that human thinking is arranged into schemes, â€Å"organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions† (Feldman, 2015, p. 17). These schemes are theRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Child Development Essay1597 Words   |  7 Pageschildren’s development and developing a proper classroom and lesson plan well help you to properly prepare and help each student in your center. Throughout this paper we will summarize Piaget’s Stage Theory, id entify and describe the developmental characteristics of the age group of 2-4 years old, design and describe the physical layout of facility or classroom that aligns with Piaget’s Stage Theory, and create an activity for each developmental domain. Jean Piaget is one of the pioneers to child developmentRead MoreJean Piaget And The Contemporary Field Of Child Development1454 Words   |  6 Pageshundreds of psychologists and theorists actively researching child development. However, if there was a God of child development it is, without question, Jean Piaget. Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss theorist who â€Å"had influenced the contemporary field of child development more than any other† (Berk, 2006, p.18). Although Piagets work is remarkable, Berk (2006) stated that â€Å"it did not get much attention until the 1960s, mainly because Piagets ideas were at odds with behaviorism, which dominated NorthRead MoreIntellectual Development Child Theory by Theorist, Piaget644 Words   |  3 Pages High/ Scope is based upon a well-known child theorist Piaget and his intellectual development theory. His theory promotes realistic educational experiences geared to the child’s current stages of development, the constructive process of learning necessary to broaden emerging intellectual and social skills. (Morrison, 2010). High/scope helps teacher become more effective in their classrooms. Researchers have linked early intervention with infants to brain enhancement. By having direct

Australia Post Free Essays

The organizational change on the calm waters view envisions organization as a large ship that is crossing a calm sea. The calm waters are used as a metaphor to show that change is seen as an occasion of disruption where there is normal flow of events. Australia post herein, evolves to meet the future needs of its business. We will write a custom essay sample on Australia Post or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is attained by providing trusted service solutions in the business sector. The services are to be provided in lines of entailing, retailing, communications, financial services as well as postal services. Without this information, the query may not be looked into. In this plinth, it is inherent that the post experiences calm water environment because actually, the occasion interrupts the continuous flow of events within the business sector within the country. External and Internal Forces are Impacting on Australia Post Australia Post is a huge and complex operation. It has massive assets, revenues and a lot of employees. It also has big retail network outlet, which reaches in almost all parts of the nation. The big question herein is whether the industries use such big opportunities to relocate in their markets by upsetting themselves. Or they might be waiting to be disrupted by external forces. In as much as the organization is well established, it must be embrace digital disruption. Being that the organization is vast, and has more of its interaction with the government; the business must go on online platforms. However, a new report by the UTS Business School for the Mc Kell Institute inherently shows that the pace brought by the digital transformation is causing disruption to one of the business enterprise within the Australia. Similarly, the innovation hubs would also be having some internal and external forces. This would be brought about by the engagement in research that is carried out by related organizations and other broader ecosystem. Through this, it would provide focus on the networking innovations, more so to the pastoral areas. This would promote interest in innovation in order to promote the upcoming communities. However, moving towards this direction may not only require investment in the new technologies, but proper skills and a change of mindset. In this dictum, the transformation will require broader strategy of digital transformation to the centre of public sector management. That would be the only way how the future of Australia Post can be made secure as a digital age business. Evaluation of Change Strategy The structure of the Post has changes by great margin. Today, it has hired staffs fro key executive positions from outside the nation. For example, the Microsoft Asia-Pacific president has closely followed in order to improve its technology expertise. Also, Richard Umbers, who was the general manager, has made tremendous effort towards changing the structure of the organization. Additionally, Fahour has indeed brought some former NAB executives. The new executives include the new chief, who is the operating officer, the head of corporate affairs, Chris Blake. On the same pedigree, there has been a lot of technological advancement. This has been realized in many areas. First, most of the activities are done online, which enhance a lot of speed as opposed to the way they were done in the past. Also, there is a secured gateway, which helps in facilitating online payments to the employees. On the same plinth, there are other e-commerce solutions for the business and individuals, which has been invented to help in facilitating most of the operation within and outside the organization. To the people, the organization has created many job opportunities to both local and international citizens. Because of the training done to individuals, many people have acquired a lot of skills and experience. The experience gained has made many employees to do their job diligently with least supervision and to give outstanding result in every realm. For Fahour, it is clear that the ongoing trend about the letter delivery will definitely require several ways to change. The change would initiate taking advantage of making new opportunities, more so to the delivery services involving parcel. This has called for making new changes in order to suit the changes which have been made. In order to do so, it has looked into ways for boosting the services that is provided to most of the remote areas. The organization has opened shopping zones and the customers are able to access various shopping zones at any time they need. On the same regard, new products have been introduced into the market such as the finance and insurance products. Digital mailbox app for iPad, Smartphone, would be at one shop to help in email services. Resistance Change to Occur as a Result of Change Strategy When the Australian Postal Commission and the Australian Telecommunication Commission were created, a lot of changes came to existence. The APC retained more of monopoly to its predecessor. The monopoly controlled the Australian economy and no any related company could compete APC. Because of monopoly situation, letters weighing less than 500grams were only referred as reserved service and could not be transported. As a result of resistance change, the Australia Post’s board made recognition that the company highly needed to restructure itself in order to face the upcoming extermination. The restructuring process would be done the core business was simply dying. Therefore, the board felt that they highly needed a new CEO. The CEO would help them work as the change initiator. For this reason, they went and looked for the person who had the experience to help them facilitate the same process. In the long run, Ahmed Fahour was appointed to help run the organization. Today, the $5billion company has the largest network in Australia. Out of this, there are thirty five thousand employees. The organization has ten thousand licensees, franchises and contractors. The contractors make a delivery of eleven to twenty million items of addresses on a daily basis. His coming, Fahour has changes has made a lot of changes. He has earnestly come up with a project that is aimed at implementation of a more customer business. The model is designed in such a way to help in capitalizing Australia Post’s repute. The reputation would make the organization be seen as the only service provider. Because of the changes made by the current CEO, Australia Post has gotten chance to become the most outstanding parcel delivery in Australia. Importance of Innovation to Australia Post Ideally, innovation has helped Australia Post in a number of ways. Through the delivery of better experiences and solutions that starts with customer’s centric creativity to the people around, the organization has helped in empowering them so that they can take bold actions on the things that are important to the customers and the society. In so doing, the customers have been assured of getting the best services every time they need. Through innovation again, the Post is working in partnership with the retailers, merchants and the government. The business partnership has greatly helped developing most of the solutions that help the organization to grow economically. This is achieved through expansion of the export that is made to various parts of the world. Similarly, innovation has helped in coming up with generation of brilliant entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs are intrinsically motivated to start and run their businesses through the experience obtained by working in the organization. On the same pedigree, the technological innovation has helped the entrepreneurs to make advanced digital ID solutions that can enhance citizen services. Ultimately, with the digital ID, one can use it to access any organization while seeking for job. Documents like passport, birth certificate are comfortably made through technology. The technology has made most of the tasks done to become easier and faster, thus making it easier as opposed to the way it was done before. What other Organizations and Managers learn from Australia Post The managers and other organizations have a lot to learn from Australia Post. They should adapt and transform to the digital era. The digital era will enable them make advance transformation in dealing with clients across the globe. Digitalism enables the service providers to make to work in good relation with the clients hence making good relationship with them. It is also important for the managers to learn that competition is healthy for a growing business. When competition is healthy, the managers find it easy to access market and venture into many areas that can make them generate income to the companies. Of course, the managers should also learn that the reforms made in regards to the business are pivotal for financial survival. The business should always make reforms as much as they can so that they business can thrive and move to greater margins as per the plans of the managers when they started the business. Most importantly, team work is also an important tool in ensuring that the success of the organization is realized. Therefore, working together helps the managed to work in harmony, because in most cases, they will be reasoning together. How to cite Australia Post, Papers

Tourism and Hospitality Management Economic Sector Seek

Question: Describe about the Tourism and Hospitality Management for Economic Sector Seek. Answer: Introduction The crisis in the economic sector seeks better innovative tourism products in Australia. When the question is about the future and wealth of the nation, it is important to keep the focus on several innovations, which will contribute to the economy of the country. According to Coghlan (2012), tourism sector is considered as economic powerhouse, which determines the potential growth in the economic value of the country. In the year of 2013-2014, almost 530,000 Australians were associated with the tourism sector. The benefits derived from such contribution may add up to 250 billion revenues in next 20 years. It is noted that the visitor economy and tourism sector have been contributing more than $11 billion to the states GDP. Therefore, the innovations in the Sydney Tourism sector will contribute effective revenue to the Australian Economic Structure. The study is associated with the innovative tourism product launch to develop the sustainable tourism In Australia. It is noted that in the field of energy efficiency, Australia has scored very poor. This mismanagement of the energy transport may affect the entire tourism development of the country. Hence, the study will be discussing the launch of the energy saving vehicles for the local people and the tourists who have been visiting Sydney, Australia. Focusing on the market gaps, the study will be discussing the efficiency of such innovative tourism products, which can determine the sustainable development of tourism sector in Australia. The identification of the suitability will be facilitating the effective tourism management in the nation, which has the direct impact on the nations economic structure. Depending on such criteria, the study will be analysed by applying theoretical concepts. Description of the Proposed Tourism Products Australian transportation system has not improved yet in the field of energy efficiency. As per the International Energy Efficiency Scorecard, Australian tourism sectors are falling behind. Therefore, in order to improvise the tourism facilities, the business plan requires launching the innovative technologies used in Sydney Trains for the international tourists. It is to be noted that the consumption of fuel requires higher amount of operating costs, tyres, and wages. The tourism sector has become much competitive across the world. Weidenfeld (2013) implied that tourism sector is one of the major contributors in a nations economy. Therefore, it is important to facilitate several improvisations in such fields to remain much competitive. This particular sector is associated with the competitive business environment due to which the minute changes and improvements in fuel efficiency. The changes and the improvements brought to the fuel costs can signify a high margin of profit and stre ngthen the competitive business position. It is important to note that many of the significant opportunities for the road transport can attract more tourists in the country or city. Moreover, the adoption of the better technologies and establishment of the driver efficiency will be helpful enough in availing more opportunities in the tourism sector. It is noted that the City Circle Tram facilities are already available in Melbourne to explore the special attractions of the city (Skynews.com.au, 2016). However, in Sydney, no such transport system is available for the tourists. Moreover, the energy scorecard is also very poor. The consumptions of the fuel are excessively creating pollution and it requires more investments. The launch of innovative equipments of Sydney Trains is the best solution to benefit the community and the tourists who have been visiting the city. This particular transport product is maintaining biodiversity, which is effective enough for saving energy and reducing the operational costs for the fuel consumptions. Conceptual Analysis of the Proposed Products and the fulfilment of Market Gaps It is important to mention that the rail transport is effective enough in saving the energy efficiency mode (Sydneytrains.info, 2016). The amount of gas emissions per passenger is much lesser than the car and other vehicles. The rising price of the fuel consumptions is creating the significant pressure on the transport sector. Unlike many other cities, Sydney is falling behind in the energy saving parameters. Reduce of the fuel is necessary for maintaining environmental welfare. Due to the climate change policies, the fuel costs automatically increases. Therefore, in order to minimise the greenhouse gas and fuel consumption rate, it is required to launch an effective transport system in Sydney. The Sydney Train is one of those most significant tourism products that are creating the impact on increasing the energy efficiency (Sydneytrains.info, 2016). It is noted that the external cost associated with the air and noise pollutions, infrastructures, accidents, and private vehicles is le ss in the rail transportations. Moreover, the urban rail transport system is quite feasible and safer than the other road transports. The launch of the Sydney Trains is quite effective for providing the community benefits. It is one of the most relaxing forms of transport system, which provides the comfortable travelling services around the city. The improvised version of the business, events, shopping distance, and other social activities can be facilitated with the help of such innovative transport system. In keeping focus on the market gaps, it is seen that the Sydney falls behind in case of the using energy saving vehicles (Theconversation.com, 2014). Therefore, it is important to launch a transport system, which consumes lesser fuel and maintains the biodiversity. In order to fulfil the gap, it is essential to recognise the responsibility towards the environment. Sydney Train is an effective innovation, which strives to improve the environmental performance by ensuring several aspects. For example, this particular innovative transport system helps in maintaining air quality, noise and vibration, biodiversity, and energy management. Another major and recognisable gap is the frequent climate change. In considering such challenges associated with the climate change purposes, Sydney Train contributes much efficiency by maintaining several key initiatives. The innovative equipment of this transport system is associated with the regenerative breaking capability (Mulley Ho, 2013). The tra ction motor is thus used as the generator for saving the electricity (Sciencedirect.com, 2016). The Federal Government organises the Energy Efficiency Opportunities programmes, which are identifying the underlying opportunities for greater energy saving efficiency. This transport is even using the innovative LED lights and photo-voltaic technology in some of the stations. Apart from such facilities, this vehicle is even considering the requirements of the greenhouse gas and energy saving purposes. The establishment of the ecologically sustainable development is the major focus of the planning and procurement process. It is noted that Earth Hour is a global climate change programme and this innovative transport system has been participating in such initiatives. The stations and the depots include the water tanks, which reserves water for the future water saving purposes. Linking with the Other Transportation Systems The current world has become much advanced and technically innovative. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain several innovative technologies to provide the better tourism experiences to the tourists. Focusing on such requirements, Sydney Train has been introducing several unique technologies, which are maintaining the environmental welfare (Greaves, Backman Ellison, 2014). These technologies are efficient enough in reserving the energy resources and providing the people a world class tourism experience. The innovative technologies used in Sydney Train is saving the energy and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. On the contrary, it is noted that the transports in Sydney are consuming a huge amount of fuels, which eventually creates the air pollution. Moreover, the excessive consumption of fuels is ensuring a high amount of operational costs. Hence, it is necessary to determine several tourism products, which is not only maintaining the environmental welfare, rather contributing t o the economic parameter as well. The major focus is to establish the biodiversity and energy reservation. In order to attract more tourists, it is necessary to implement the innovative technologies that will provide the world class experiences. Sydney Train is thus using such innovative technologies to establish the competitive sustainable tourism management in this current world (Duval, 2013). Moreover, it has been noticed that Sydney lacks the proper transportation facilities that are saving the energy. In such regards, this innovative technologies used in Sydney Train is much helpful in protecting the environment by saving energies. The lesser consumption of the fuels will save the operational costs and ensure the fulfilment of the sustainable tourism development. The public transports in Sydney are considering the extensive network of the operating modes. These transports include ferries, buses, commuter rails, and light rails. Both the local people and visitors have been availing the opportunities of world class travel experiences. It is even noted that Sydney has the highest rate of the public transport for both the local people and the tourists. Hence, the expenditures in fuels are also higher. The launch of the innovative technological tools, LED lights for the stations, and photo vehicles are reducing the operational costs of the fuels and maintaining the biodiversity efficiency. In fact, launching such innovative tourism products are contributing to the overall economy of the nation. Sydney Train is one of the most convenient transportations for the passengers. Previously, this mean of transport was associated with a complex system of integrated rail system. However, the improvisation and launch of the new technologies has simplified th e transports system and tourism experiences. Target Market for the Proposed Product and Service `Sydney Train is one of the most convenient transport systems for the people in Sydney. The launch of the innovative technologies like LED lights, Photo vehicles, and energy savings has been simplifying the transport complexities and reducing the emissions of fuels. Sydney Tram is therefore targeting both the local people and visitors for experiencing the word class travel. It is seen that the Sydney is mainly oriented with business areas, entertainment places, restaurants, Opera House, and many other places. Therefore, the local people and the visitors can travel through such vehicles. The innovative technologies introduced for the better tourism management is also attracting the travellers in Sydney. Due to the climate, ambience, tourists spots, and convenient locations many people visit this city. In such times, the services of Sydney Train are remarkable. Moreover, the launch of the innovative technologies is even ensuring the reduction of the fuel operational costs. It is necess ary to keep the focus on such investment parameters. Depending on the requirements, the budget estimation and implementation plan will be evaluated further. Financial Estimation Statement of Cost and Price for the first financial year Particulars Cost per unit $ Units/ labour hours Total cost $ Direct Materials: LED Lights 100 112,000 11,200,000.00 Voltaic Technology software 150 100,000 15,000,000.00 Direct wages: Skilled drivers 120 4,500 hours 540,000.00 Drivers under training 95 4,500 hours 427,500.00 Other direct expenditures 225 112,000 25,200,000.00 Prime cost 690 52,367,500.00 Add: Works overhead costs 200 112,000 22,400,000.00 Gross/ factory overhead 890 74,767,500.00 Add: Cost of administration 175 112,000 19,600,000.00 Cost of production 1065 94,367,500.00 Add: Selling and distribution overheads 150 112,000 16,800,000.00 Cost of Sales 1215 111,167,500.00 Less: Expected Sales 1750 112,000 196,000,000.00 Expected Profit/ (loss) 535 112,000 59,920,000.00 Statement of Cost and Price for the second financial year Particulars Cost per unit $ Units/ labor hours Total cost $ Direct Materials: LED Lights 120 112,000 13,440,000.00 Voltaic Technology software 150 100,000 15,000,000.00 Direct wages: Skilled drivers 130 4,500 hours 540,000.00 Drivers under training 100 4,500 hours 450,000.00 Other direct expenditures 215 112,000 24,080,000.00 Prime cost 715 53,510,000.00 Add: Works overhead costs 190 112,000 21,280,000.00 Gross/ factory overhead 905 74,790,000.00 Add: Cost of administration 170 112,000 19,040,000.00 Cost of production 1075 93,830,000.00 Add: Selling and distribution overheads 155 112,000 17,360,000.00 Cost of Sales 1230 111,190,000.00 Less: Expected Sales 1850 112,000 207,200,000.00 Expected Profit/ (loss) 620 112,000 69,440,000.00 Statement of Cost and Price for the third financial year 2018 Particulars Cost per unit $ Units/ labour hours Total cost $ Direct Materials: LED Lights 125 112,000 14,000,000.00 Voltaic Technology software 155 100,000 15,500,000.00 Direct wages: Skilled drivers 135 4,500 hours 540,000.00 Drivers under training 105 4,500 hours 472,500.00 Other direct expenditures 210 112,000 23,520,000.00 Prime cost 730 54,032,500.00 Add: Works overhead costs 180 112,000 20,160,000.00 Gross/ factory overhead 910 74,192,500.00 Add: Cost of administration 160 112,000 17,920,000.00 Cost of production 1070 92,112,500.00 Add: Selling and distribution overheads 155 112,000 17,360,000.00 Cost of Sales 1225 109,472,500.00 Less: Expected Sales 1900 112,000 212,800,000.00 Expected Profit/ (loss) 675 112,000 75,600,000.00 Note: It may be noted that during the first financial year the expected profit from the project is $59,920,000 with a percentage to cost is 53% approximately. In the second year, it is expected that the profit will increase by 8% as well as by 7% in the third year. The projected cost statement has been prepared by introducing the materials of LED lights and relevant software for the voltaic technology to implement the operation of lights in the transportation system. Further, labour cost has been allocated by involving the skilled drivers and semi- skilled drivers to operate the train vehicle. Proposed implementation Plan The investment for the proposed project is equal to the amount of total cost during the first year i.e. $111.20 million. It has been proposed that the 35% of the investment will be borrowed from the banks and financial institution at an interest rate of 7.05% while 30% of the amount will be invested from own sources of fund and the balance amount will be raised from the investors at an interest rate of 8.00%. Recommendations The entire study has been focusing on the launch of the innovative technologies in Sydney Train. This specific transportation system is much convenient place for the travellers. If focused with more details, it can be seen that Sydney is a place, which includes many of the special attractions. Hence, the transport services are needed to be more convenient, simple, and appreciable. In previous times, it is noted that the rail transport services were much complex. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the system and introduce the innovative technologies for remaining competitive. In order to achieve such purposes, the business plan has been focusing on launching the new and innovative technologies for this train. The launch of LED Lights, Photo Vehicles, and energy saving technologies is maintaining the biodiversity and enhancing the transport efficiency. Sydney has scored poor in the energy saving efficiency and the launch of such new technologies will diminish such allegations forev er. Depending on such requirements, few of the recommendations are needed to be followed. Efficient Drivers The new technologies are saving the maximum amount of energy, which eventually reducing the operational costs for fuels. However, it is essential to use such vehicles in a significant way. The drivers are needed to be trained for using such innovative technologies. Some of the tourists have been exploring the special attractions through the railway. In such cases, if the drivers would be efficient enough to use such technologies, the fuel consumptions will be reduced. The operational costs will also be reduced and it will be benefiting the investment costs for the estimated budget. Therefore, it can be inferred that the driver efficiency is necessary for implementing such technologies. Fixing the Budget It is noted that the using energy saving technologies is reducing the fuel consumptions. Hence, the operational costs associated with such fuel consumptions will be reduced altogether. In such cases, it is necessary to plan the budget in a structured way. The operational team for such tourism products need to allocate the resource by reviewing the efficient budget planning. The monitoring of such planning system is thus essential for resource allocations. The capital investment will ensure the cost of the materials that is required for implementing such technologies. Hence, the budget planning and fixing the budget are also considered as most preferable recommendations for this business plan. Demonstration of the Innovative Technologies In order to launch the innovative technologies, the most important aspect is to make people aware of such innovations. If the target market will be provided a clear demonstration of the benefits that are derived from such vehicles, it will promote the brand identity more significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the proper event and demonstration process which can attract more travellers to receive a world class travel experiences. Both the local residents and the tourists will be attracted towards using such technologies. Participating in the biodiversity programmes The uses of the energy saving technologies are reducing the fuel consumptions. Therefore, it is pollution free and serves as the environmental welfare tourism products. It is important to participate in the biodiversity programme to determine the initiatives of energy efficiency. Moreover, Sydney scored very less in determining such energy efficiency process. Hence, participating in such programme would be fruitful enough to determine the role of the energy saving technologies that are used in the vehicles. Accordingly, it will attract more people from different countries as well. Conclusion The study has been following the launch of the innovative technologies in Sydney Train, which is one of the most convenient transport systems in Sydney. Both the local people and the tourists can avail the opportunity to receive a world class experience of travelling across the city. It is needed to be stated that the focus on the environmental welfare is essential to strengthen the competitive position of the transport tourism. The launch of the transport technologies would be effective enough in reducing the fuel consumptions and operational costs. Focusing on such aspects, the budget will be structured accordingly. Moreover, the driver efficiency is highly recommended. The implementation of the biodiversity programme will be encouraging the travellers to understand the requirements of the energy efficiency. With the help of such energy saving technologies, the fuel costs will be reduced. Accordingly, it will contribute to the overall economic structure of the nation. References Coghlan, A. (2012). Facilitating reef tourism management through an innovative importance-performance analysis method.Tourism Management,33(4), 767-775. Dailytelegraph.com.au, 2016. Australia needs to think big abouttourism | Daily Telegraph. [online] Dailytelegraph.com.au. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/australias-tourism-industry-needs-innovation-and-big-ideas-to-continue-to-grow/news-story/53078ef6405ad0c433612722c6fdbde7 [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Duval, D. T. (2013). Critical issues in air transport and tourism.Tourism Geographies,15(3), 494-510. Greaves, S., Backman, H., Ellison, A. B. (2014). An empirical assessment of the feasibility of battery electric vehicles for day-to-day driving.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,66, 226-237. Mulley, C., Ho, C. (2013). Evaluating the impact of bus network planning changes in Sydney, Australia.Transport Policy,30, 13-25. Sciencedirect.com, (2016). Innovation in the European transport sector: A review. [online] Sciencedirect.com. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X15300111 [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. Skynews.com.au, (2016). Experts question benefits of high-speed rail. [online] Skynews.com.au. Available at: https://www.skynews.com.au/news/national/2016/04/11/experts-question-benefits-of-high-speed-rail.html [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. Sydneytrains.info, (2016). Environment - Sydney Trains. [online] Sydney Trains. Available at: https://www.sydneytrains.info/about/environment/ [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. Theconversation.com, (2014). Australia's transport is falling behind on energy efficiency. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/australias-transport-is-falling-behind-on-energy-efficiency-29881 [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. Weidenfeld, A. (2013). Tourism and cross border regional innovation systems.Annals of Tourism Research,42, 191-213.